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HSR Research
> HPV and cervical cancer
HPV and cervical cancer
Human Papilloma Virus or HPV and cervical cancer have a very close connection. Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases among women all over the world. It is considered as a very important public health problem. Scientific research shows that HPV infection is associated with almost all cases of cervical cancer.
It is estimated that the prevalence of HPV infection among sexually active people averages about 50%. HPV usually infects epithelial cells and is able to initiate abnormal changes in them. In some cases these cellular changes progress and lesions appear which may be either benign or malignant. Tests for HPV and cervical cancer screening programs are aimed to detect this infection at an early stage in order to prevent the development of malignant lesions.
HPV is a group of viruses which includes more 100 types and only a few types can trigger cancerous cell changes. The types that are associated with cancer are called high risk types. They usually are transmitted during sexual intercourse and affect the genital area. Precancerous lesions can be induced by HPV and cervical cancer usually develops with no visible symptoms to the patient. That is why it is highly recommended to undergo pelvic exam regularly.
There are several diagnostic procedures to find cells infected by HPV and cervical cancer at an early stage. The most commonly used and simple test is a Pap smear - a cytological analysis of cervical samples. In order to evaluate the cervical tissue status there may be used a colposcopy - visual inspection of the cervix and vagina with help of a magnifying device, and biopsy – removal of a small tissue sample for histological examination.
Cervical cancer may take several years to develop from precancerous lesions. This gives a chance to detect precancerous lesions by regular screening. It is also important to identify women with HPV infection since it helps to better evaluate their risk for cervical cancer. Testing for HPV and cervical cancer screening programs have been found to be really effective since they allowed to decrease in cervical cancer prevalence.
Risk factors for HPV and cervical cancer include having multiple sexual partners, first sexual intercourse at an early age, smoking, and a weakened immune system. To reduce the probability of HPV and cervical cancer women should avoid risky sexual behavior, have regular medical check-ups and lead a healthy lifestyle.
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